Tesla Model S — what actually breaks, by engine

2015–2025 · 2,163 federal complaints · 1 engines

Reliability ratings usually stop at the model. But two Model Ss with different engines can fail in completely different ways — and the engine is a choice you make at purchase. Here is what owners actually complained about, separated by engine.

Ownership profile

Each axis is this model's percentile within its own segment — comparing a pickup's fuel economy against a compact car's would say nothing. Built from EPA test data.

What each engine's complaints are about

Share of component mentions. One complaint can name several components, so these describe what an engine's complaints are about — they are not a failure rate.

Diagrams show cylinder layout and displacement from the decoded VIN data. Turbo and supercharger marks come from EPA certification records; where EPA cannot tell two engines of the same size apart, the mark is left off rather than guessed.

How many of those complaints involved a fire, crash or injury

Unlike the totals above, these can be compared between engines. Each figure is a share of that engine's own complaints, so how many were sold cancels out. The vertical mark is the average across every vehicle in this database.

all vehicles — Fire 1.1% · Crash 4.4% · Injury 2.6%

Still a share of complaints, not of vehicles on the road — it says how severe this engine's reported problems were, not how often it gets into trouble. Engines with fewer than 80 complaints are left out: fire is rare enough that a single extra case would swing the number.

Recalls on this model

Unlike everything above, recalls are issued for the whole model, not per engine — NHTSA publishes them by make, model and year. These are defects the manufacturer confirmed and filed federally, which makes them a useful counterweight to owner-reported complaints.

35 recalls · covering 2015–2025 · 18 fixable with a software update

Recall repairs are free, always — any franchised dealer, regardless of the car's age, mileage, or how many owners it has had. A great many cars are driving around with recalls nobody ever redeemed.

More recalls does not mean a worse car. Recall counts rise with sales volume and model complexity, and a manufacturer that recalls promptly looks worse than one that drags its feet. Read what the recalls were for, not how many there were.

NHTSA crash-test ratings

Official 5-star ratings from standardized federal crash tests. Unlike the complaint figures above, these are directly comparable between models. Where a model year was tested in several versions, the lowest overall rating is shown.

Source: NHTSA New Car Assessment Program.

Compare with

Same segment, side by side — engines, running costs and what breaks.

Or see the whole segment at once: Midsize sedan →

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